Ninth Fort, Kaunas, Lithuania

One of the ring of tsarist forts around Kaunas, turned by the Germans into a mass‑killing site — the "Fort of Death." Tens of thousands of Lithuanian Jews and deportees from the Reich were shot here. Avigdor Dreispul was murdered here in 1941; Osher and Judit Porubansky were killed in the Kinderaktion (Children's Action) of 27–28 March 1944, when Major Wilhelm Göcke's SS staff and Ukrainian and Lithuanian auxiliaries cleared the Kovno ghetto of its children and elderly while the men were away at forced labour.